Hair Removal – Painless and Permanent Hair Removal

Hair removal is a vague term that has only recently been accurately defined. Temporary hair reduction is defined as a delay in hair growth, which usually lasts 1-3 months, consistent with induction of telogen. Permanent hair reduction refers to a significant reduction in the number of terminal hairs after a given treatment, which is stable for a period of time than the complete growth cycle of hair follicles at the given body site. The request for a rapid and noninvasive method for hair removal has led to the introduction of various light sources for hair removal.

The light source hair removal is often concentrated on ruby, alexandrite, diode and Nd: YAG and intense pulsed light sources. These devices are designed to target either an endogenous chromophore (melanin) or an exogenous chromophore (carbon suspension, photosensitizer, and exogenous dye). Laser hair removal is one of the latest hair removal systems, which has been introduced. Today, a large number of specific laser systems are commercially available, which makes the score a bit 'worried about their attributes, selection, treatment protocols and effects.

Laser hair removal is one of the sources of light hair removal. Hair follicles are destroyed by light in a number of ways, such as thermal, photomechanical or photochemical mechanism for the generation of toxic mediators like singlet oxygen and free radicals. Thermal mechanism for hair removal has recently been introduced to induce selective damage to hair follicles. Based on the principles of selective photothermolysis, this principle states that the selective thermal damage of a pigmented target structure will result when sufficient amount of light at a wavelength absorbed by the target date is in a time equal to or lower than the thermal relaxation time melanin.

target is the natural chromophore, to target hair follicles in the visible and near-infrared region, Lasers or light sources operating in the red or near infrared wavelength region are in an optical window of the spectrum where the selective absorption of melanin is combined with a deep penetration into the dermis. Therefore, deep and selective heating of the hair shaft, hair follicle epithelium, and heavily pigmented matrix is possible in the region, laser permanent hair removal, of 600nm to 1100nm.

However, melanin in the epidermis presents a competing site for absorption. Selective cooling of the 'skin has been shown to minimize epidermal injury. Photomechanical destruction of hair has been attempted with very short pulses of nanoseconds. It was done with the help of Q-switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser, with and without carbon suspension. Short pulses are used to target hair follicles resulting in rapid heating of the chromophore (melanin). It leads to photo acoustic shock waves that cause focal photomechanical disruption of the melanocytes but not complete follicular destruction.

Therefore, the Q-switched Nd: YAG, are not able to produce long-term hair removal. A distinction, laser permanent hair removal, must be made between permanent and complete loss of hair. Immediately after laser treatment, the hair shaft shows fragmentation with focal rupture into the follicular epithelium and thermal damage to the surrounding follicular epithelium. The extent of thermal damage depends on the pulse width, but maintains the confinement of the spatial scale of the follicle itself.

Histological changes are almost guaranteed to the person undergoing laser hair removal. However, this form of hair removal must be done under the supervision of a qualified dermatologist as it involves considerable degree of expertise.

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